The Elk River flows from north to south and drains into the Kootenay River at the Koocanusa reservoir near the United States border. It supplies drinking water, supports recreation and industry, and provides important habitat for fish and plant species unique to the region.

Within the Elk Valley region are rare high elevation grasslands that support B.C.’s bighorn sheep population during the winter. Old growth forest stands in the valley are spiritually and culturally important to the Ktunaxa Nation. The forests provide habitat for many species and are popular for tourism.

The area has a diverse economy and supports a variety of important values.